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A quick look into the Globalization Support Guide, sections 5.9.1 Character Range '[x-y]' in Regular Expressions, and 5.5.2 Specifying a Case-Insensitive or Accent-Insensitive Collation, suggests that this is expected behaviour: a < A < b < B (etc.) is true in the GERMAN collating sequence (if I understand well). The reason why there is no match with 'aaaa' is because 'a' is not in the [A-Z] range, whereas 'b' is, when NLS_SORT = 'GERMAN'. So in this case it would seem that 19.5 gives the right result, whereas 12.1 did not.
843804Oct 27 2004 — edited May 27 2009