Up until recent releases of MSSQL you could use the JTDS driver with Windows Authentication. Now it continues to ask for a username and password even after testing the connection successfully.
This driver is pretty old so I am not surprised
Has anyone ever configured SQL developer to use the below MSOFT driver to connect to an MSSQL datasource as a Windows Authentication is the only supported method internally?
Using the JDBC driver - JDBC Driver for SQL Server | Microsoft Docs