Absence Element - Payroll Adjustments

Summary

How does payroll handle adjustments that may need to happen with an absence element?

Content

I have an element that is an Absence.  I have an Absence Plan that utilizes the Absence element.  I have a couple questions on how payroll is to handle manipulations that maybe needed.  

1) How can payroll adjust that rate of pay on the absence?

2) Since the Absence Management module communicates to Payroll module via the Calculation Card Absence component, How does payroll handle Discretionary, Final Disbursement or Entitlement if the Absence Management module fails to communicate to the Calculation Card Absence component?  I bring this question up because we have experienced entitlements and disbursement do not get paid.