user access certification questions

Summary:

Am looking at user access certification , and trying to find out when we use "direct manager" , if the direct manager doesn't action the review/approval? what happens?

Does the "direct manager" have to action before the certifier? what happens if they are the same person?

I believe we can send them a reminder email, but if we get to a point in time and it's not been done, can we still move the certification forward, or do they have to do the review/approval/rejection?

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