oracle mechanism

I have a table called emp(emp_no number(3),emp_name varchar2(50)),

I made select query : select * from emp, I want to know the mechanism that oracle 

server used to fetch data from table (data files)

I mean : 

** what are the background processes that oracle server run to fetch data?

** what are the memory (sga or pga) types that oracle server allocated to fetch data?

** what are the applications that client workstation runs ?

** what are the connections that client workstation established ? 

Thanks everybody in advance.