Regulating User Access in Oracle Database

In our Production environment we have a single database user which is accessible to all team members. This makes it very difficult to track someone, if they have made unwanted changes in the Production database. Also changing the password of the single database user  in production is not a viable option as it is used by all the oracle retail applications.

In SAP they have an interesting concept of Firefighter IDs. A firefighter ID is a temporary user ID that grants the user exception-based, yet regulated, access. ,the firefighter ID is created by a system administrator and assigned to users who need to perform tasks in emergency or extraordinary situations.