When does the user switch from being anonymous to known

Hello,  I'm having some difficulty knowing when a user who logins into the portal becomes a known user. 

For example the portal has an anonymous home page that the user logs in to, their responsibilities should take over from that point in my mind.   The next screens available to them should be based off their responsibilities. What we are seeing is that the user is staying anonymous; and  I'm not seeing how.  I can say they are staying anonymous because when I remove the anonymous user responsibility from the following screens, an error pops up saying they don't have access to the respective screen.