Parse time CPU higher in 12.2.0.1 than in 11.2.0.4

I am testing the migration of an application from 11.2.0.4 to 12.2.0.1 and I am facing a general issue regarding parse time CPU which higher in 12.2.0.1 than in 11.2.0.4.

For exemple, I have a job which executes 151 queries and which is nearly 2.5 longer in 12.2.0.1 then in 11.2.0.4 :

In 11.2.0.4 :

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse      148      4.93       5.05          0        105          0           0

Execute    151      0.02       0.02          0          0          0           2

Fetch     2550      3.55       3.65        103     171571          0       88138

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total     2849      8.51       8.73        103     171676          0       88140

In 12.2.0.1 :

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse      148     18.61      18.83          0         70          0           0

Execute    151      0.04       0.04          0          0          0           2

Fetch     2550      3.52       3.59         93     155961          0       88138

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------