How mutch deeply are Security rules can be reached

Dears

I need to know how what does security rules can control, for example is it controls only flexifield segments or i can apply a security rule on a table. and if it's applicable is there any examples for that??

The business need is to restrict some inventory items assigned to a category from a specific responsibility.

Noting that i read the documentation of security rules and it's not describing this kind of behaviors.

Regards