ORA-1878 when using from_tz

Follow below example:

create table test_date(date1 date);
insert into test_date(date1)
values(To_Date('31.03.2024 03:10:00', 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss'));
select to_char(date1,'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss') from test_date;
SELECT from_tz(CAST(date1 AS TIMESTAMP), 'Asia/Nicosia') AT TIME ZONE 'UTC' AS date_utc
FROM test_date;

I'm allowed to enter a date with time that did not exist. But I'not allowed to convert it to UTC.

Now my problem comes with birth dates. We have birth dates in our system without time i.e. (03-04-1977 00:00:00).
We want to upload the birth dates to another system. The other system requires the dates to be converted to UTC.