You could, as long as the 3 environments have the same domain/url.

So it depends, but probably you don't want it.

If your 3 environments are behind 3 proxies installed locally (so that each can resolve the same domain/url to the local instance and not mix the 3), sure it can work.

More realistically: I doubt you want that, it will work only in a very limited and specific setup.

You know the process to generate a certificate, sign it, deploy it because you just did it for DEV. Apply the same process for TEST and PROD again, so that each has its own valid certificate.

The OS/physical|virtual hardware doesn't, what could change my answer is if you did generate an open certificate covering all the possible subdomains (a wildcard certificate): in this case the same can be used for the 3 environments because the certificate will match the 3 different URL/domains (assuming they all share the same root).

If yours isn't a wildcard certificate, take it simply as a "no, you can't reuse the one you have, it will give you issues at some point".