I guess two actions from your comment, one remove the limit (for a single user) and see if it works. Two have a look at the defaults for your Hana database and see if they are all compatible with the defaults OBIEE is applying.

I know less than zero about Hana database, but if it works with filters is it in any way like Essbase where you have to fix on the dimensions to get a meaningful result?

My only other thought is data quality, is there some subtle difference between what returns and what doesn't?

Also if it works in a very specific case, you apply a filter, does it work in ALL cases where you apply a filter?

Finally could you have some kind of time out issue where unfiltered it is taking too long and so you get no result?

All I have is questions....